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Farmer Benjamin Richard, and Annie Millicent Fullarton Crabb had a large family of eleven children, eight sons and three daughters. Benjamin spent his early days at Bendleby, north of Orroroo. He also had worked as a drover and in the Wallaroo mines. At one stage, in the company of six others, he set out to make his fortune finding gold at Coolgardie. However, with the death of three of these friends from lack of water and poor food, Benjamin returned home and without any gold. He was also renown as an outstanding colt breaker and rough rider, as well as being knowledgeable in veterinary care. Following his marriage to Annie, he purchased land in the Rudall area, farming there until 1942.
Annie was the only daughter in the Fullarton family of Clare. Her father was a life-long employee from the early days as a compositor at the 'Northern Argus' newspaper office. Her grandfather, John E. Maynard, was the first pioneer to come to Clare and live on the Inchiquin Flats in 1842.
John Fullarton, known throughout his life as Jack, was the first child and oldest son of Benjamin and Annie. He was born on the 27th September 1896 at Bendlebury. His siblings included Howard Aubury Fullarton Philip Stapleton Fullarton, Selina Lavina, Arthur Frederick, Benjamin Richard, William Ernest, Roy Maxwell, Lucy May, Douglas Mervyn Keith, Rhonda Joyce and Mary Anne Fullerton.
As a child, John attended Cleve and the Boore Plains School at Kadina before returning to work as a farm labourer.
Three of these young brothers enlisted to serve during the War to End All Wars, WWI. 19-year-old Jack and 18-year-old Howard enlisted at a Cowell at a similar time on July 21st 1916 and were allocated consecutive numbers. Their younger brother, Phillip enlisted days after his 19th birthday in September 1918 and was allocated to B Company. However, with the cessation of hostilities, he was discharged just prior to Christmas that year and did not serve overseas.
Jack and Howard’s early training was at Mitcham before the brothers returned home for a well-attended farewell social held in the Miltalie School in August 1916. Numerous speeches were made, followed by songs, games and recitations. The two brothers then embarked at Adelaide on the 28th August, aboard the HMAS Anchises eventually arriving at Plymouth on October 11th 1916, before attending a training camp at Codford. Both brothers were allocated to the 48th Battalion, Jack as 2400 and Howard as 2401. They were officially shipped to France, arriving on the 16th September 1917. Soon after arriving at Etaples, Jack was transferred to the Base Depot Anzac Field Bakery.
Not strictly adhering to the hierarchical demands of the army, Jack was heavily penalised early in March 1917 for ‘failing to salute an officer when passing him in the street at Rouen’. The hefty fine of seven day’s pay seemed particularly harsh. Three weeks later a further five day’s pay was docked at Etaples when Jack wrote ‘on sentry box contrary to orders placed therein.’
Conditions in the trenches and the fighting fields were often chaotic. This meant that relatives back home were often left with little or scant information about their sons if they were missing or killed. A fellow soldier, James Edward Myers 2459, also from Cowell, had been missing and several soldiers, including Jack, gave their account of James’s fate.
‘April 11 ’17. I saw him killed by a machine gun shell and drop dead instantly, through his chest at Bullecourt, I think he would be buried. One of the best and one of the bravest. A big chap and came from S. Australia.’ Informant J. Crabb 2400, 48th Battalion Anzac Buffet 14.2.18’ This report verbatim, was passed on to James’ parents at Cowell, with the addendum that it was ‘unofficial’.
Jack heard that Howard had sustained a gunshot wound to his right shoulder on the 12th October, and was taken to Boulogne Hospitalised and then sent back to England, followed by two weeks of furlough in the lead-up to Christmas that year. A further shoulder complication meant another operation for Howard, then recovery time being spent at Sutton Veny.
In writing home from France in October 1917, Jack’s letter was shared through the local newspaper, the Eyre’s Peninsula Tribune in January the following year. As did many young men, he tried to make light of the conditions in which they were fighting.
“I will now take the pleasure of answering your welcome letters. Glad to hear you are all well and going strong. Well, we both came out of the last stunt O.K. I am beginning to get an old soldier, been in and out of the line quite a lot of times, and now quite sick and tired of it and not as brave as I was at first. Howard took it all right the first time, but he wishes he had taken notice of my Jotters and stopped longer in Blighty, as he volunteered by come over when he came. Well, it is jolly cold here now, nearly cold enough for snow, and also raining a treat, so you can guess there is plenty of mud, as it only takes a few points here to make mud everywhere. I saw Moore Wilson and Don and Cecil Searle, they were looking well ; also cousin Cyril Solly, When you write let me know cousin Ern. Jackson's address, so that I may be able to see him. I must now close with heaps of love to all. I have not received any birthday parcel, but just received a letter, so I may get it tomorrow."
A week later he wrote a second letter, again down-playing the conditions and of Howard’s injury.
“Just a few lines to let you know l am still well and had the luck to come through another big stunt upright, but old Howard got a bit of a smack as I suppose you will have heard before this. I did not see him get it myself, but those who did reckon that he went out of the line laughing. He reckoned before he went in that he was going to get a smack. But he is a lucky fellow, just coming over and getting away again. He may have the luck to miss the winter again. I hope so anyhow. Well, that was lovely parcel you sent me for my 21st birthday. I got it the day we came out of the line. I think it was the best parcel I have ever seen here, it was not even bent or anything, and the cake was a beauty, and as we were hungry just coming out, three or four of my mates and myself had a large slice each, and you can guess we were all slight bilious. It was good of. dad wiring the parcel down; it was a good job done. We have had a lot of rain and cold weather here again, and we have all got colds. I am too cold to write any more. Don't worry about Howard as he will be all right."
Later that month (October 23rd) Howard also wrote from Weir Hospital, Grove Road, Halham London, S.W. It gives small indications of his own war.
“Just a few hoping, it finds you all in the best of health. I am still in the hospital and am doing well. I am afraid I am getting well too quickly, as I shall have to get back to France, among the woosebangs and the mud. Well, there is no news to write about, as I haven't been out anywhere, but I will be out in a day or so. I have not made up my mind where I will go on my furlough. I think it will be Ireland, among the Pats. It would be nice to go home, but not the old Aussies' luck. This fine home could not be beaten anywhere in England. Well, I must close this short note, wishing you the best of luck."
Jack had leave back in England in February 1918 and was briefly hospitalised for enteritis, which continued to return. Jack also undertook a course at Signals School in April ’18 before contracting enteritis which was treated at a New Zealand Hospital.
Back home, in June the Rudall Red Cross Circle, of which their mother was part, were busy packing parcels to send to Howard and Jack, plus two other locals, Sapper Will Ross, and Trooper Olarrie Rogers.
Jack was caught being absent without leave in June ‘18 for about 19 hours and again parted with four day’s pay. Just months later, in August he returned to France where he had time at Codford. He again was charged with ‘conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline creating a disturbance in a public place.’ This coincided with a similar, but more severe charge made against Howard, who was additionally charged with striking an M.P in the execution of his duty. Seven days of Field Punishment was metered out to Jack but Howard was given a huge 21 days. Field Punishment was particularly harsh and could involve the soldier being restrained to a fixed object, including a gun wheel or fence post for several hours. In other instances, the soldier could have their legs tied together and arms stretched outright, earning the nickname of being ‘crucified’. Both seem more than barbaric.
Jack was further inconvenienced with self inflicted disease for almost two months in a specialist hospital, finally returning to his unit in October ‘18.
Signaller Jack’s next letter was written from "Somewhere in France," on November 17th 1918. It reads as if he was unaware of the horrific death Howard suffered when hit by a train, just days after the Armistice was signed.
" Just a few lines to let you know I am still going strong, hoping this finds you all in the best of health. I suppose you have heard the great news about the war long before this. It seemed so funny to us up near the line. One minute there were guns firing and shells dropping about everywhere, and the next everything was quiet, and we had big fires about everywhere. I bet it was a great day in ' Aussie' the day that the armistice was signed. I believe all the firms in England stopped, especially the ammunition works. I would have liked to have been in England on that day, but I was well in France instead, so it's no use growling. One has to be thankful to be able to say that he saw the war out. At one time a fellow wouldn't have given threepence for his chance. I say, just get a big fat turkey or a little pig ready for Easter as we ought to be home by then. We will be in Germany for this Xmas as we are following the Huns up as they evacuate, and our lot will be the first Australians to take up positions in that country. I hear that Phil has gone into camp. I hope he gets a trip to Blighty as it will do him good. I am glad that he will not have to do any fighting. I had my share of it and have not got a mark to show for it, only a bit short of wind through the gas. We are having it terribly cold here now, plenty of frost, but we haven't had any snow this year so far, although it feels very much like it now. I trust you had a good crop this year and I hope to be home to help with the next harvest. It is very cold sitting writing, so I must close and get around the and fire with the boys. Will Barrett ' Billy' Gillings wish to be remembered to you all. They are like myself, in good health."
He wrote again on Nov. 27. " Just a few lines to let you know I am in still in good health and going strong. We are supposed to be on our way to Germany, somewhere near the Rhine. We have been on the roads marching for six days now, but we have stopped for a few day's spell. We are billeted in a German Hospital. About three weeks ago it was full of Huns and now it is full of Australians. I can tell you it is very tiring work marching every day, with our pack, rifle, etc., to carry with us, My old shoulders are the only thing that troubles me at all, and I don't take any notice of them. Phil won't be in time to have a go at Fritz, I am glad to say, as there is no fighting going on now. It seems so funny not being able to hear the roar of the guns or the flash and flares, etc. I suppose dad is busy with the harvest. I hope I will be able to help next year. I have a big idea that we will be home somewhere about Easter, so get something nice for the troops, don't forget. They have been taking the names of all the married men, they will be sending them home first. It is rumoured they will be going next month. Well, I feel too tired to write much now after marching all day. With heaps of love. JACK.
Jack was unfortunate to contract bronchitis and be hospitalised in January ’19, but briefly rejoined his unit until the end of March ’19 when he was placed on a graves detachment in April ’19. The following month, nine days of his pay was again forfeited this time for ‘disobeying a lawful command by his superior Officer.’
He was finally able to return to Australia on the Euripides on the 6th September 1919. The war had taken a toll on his health with Jack spending four days in the ship’s hospital. He arrived in Adelaide on the 19th October and two months later was finally discharged. Jack received his medals, the 1914/15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal in December 1919. Howard’s were also posthumously posted to the family.
Jack married Mary-Ann (Doris) Hanton on the 3rd November 1920 at the Kadina Methodist Church in Victoria Square. Jack’s young sister was one of Doris’ bridesmaids and Jack chose his brother, Phillip as his Best Man. Jack’s groomsman was a fellow soldier from the 48th Battalion. Their reception was held at Doris’ family home that was also decorated in the colours of the 48th Battalion. Jack’s 80-year-old paternal grandmother from Gawler also attended and was noted as dancing ‘quite merrily with the young folk.’ The newlyweds made their future home at Cherrywood Farm, Cleve. They had two sons with their first, born in April ’22 named Howard Ronald, in honour of Jack’s brother who died at the end of WWI. Their second son, Robert John Benjamin was born in September1927.
The extended Crabb family was deeply involved in their local community and supportive of all local activities. These included fund-raising for the local Rudall School, including the annual athletics sports day, held on the football oval. In ’23 funds were being raised through stalls, dinners, dances and athletic events towards building an Institute. With stone not readily available locally for building, local constructions were traditionally of wood and iron. This earned the town the nickname of ‘Tin Town’. Many of the Crabb family featured in the events with Jack winning the Digger’s race and his wife Mary-Ann being first in the quaintly named ‘Ladies Bend Race’. The brothers were also involved; Phillip as Secretary on the Sports Committee and in the evening, Roy and two friends, Reg Wake and David Smallacombe, presenting a trio item. Young William also gave a recitation and Rhonda a recitation.
The family were also regulars at daces held in nearby towns, including the R.A.O.B. Ball at Cleve in July ’33.
By May the following year, 21-year-old Roy decided to leave Rudall to live with Jack and Doris at Waterloo near Auburn. A huge farewell party was organised, featuring dancing, games, table tennis and cards. Their father, Benjamin acted as MC and with many locals making valedictory speeches praising Roy and passing on their best wishes and a collection of money on behalf of those present.
War intervened. Jack again felt it was his duty to enlist to serve. Whilst early campaigns were aimed at fit healthy country men, 43-year-old Jack enlisted in Whyalla on the 29th September 1939 as S212302, serving with the 4th Garrison Battalion. His five younger brothers followed suit with 25-year-old Roy Maxwell enlisting on the 20th October ’39 as SX154 in the 2/10th Battalion. Claiming to be 34 years old (when in reality he was 41 years old) Philip Stapleton enlisted as SX2573 on the 27th April ’40 in the 2/9th Battalion and 35 year old Benjamin Richard as SX10504 in Signals on the 2nd December ’40 in Signals, 24 year old Douglas Mervyn enlisted on the 21st March ’41 as SX11876 in the 2/6th Field Ambulance and 39 year old Arthur Frederick in May ’42 as S70921 in A Company 5th Battalion..
Jack’s sons, Howard, ‘Digger’ also enlisted in July ‘40 as SX8810 serving with the 2/48th Battalion. To enable him to enlist, Howard advanced his age from 18 to 21 years old. (In contrast to his uncle Philip, who deducted several years.) Jack’s second son, 19-year-old Robert also enlisted in April ’47 as SX500675.
With the first soldiers returning from the Middle East, the Cowell Community were quick to welcome them home. At the end of November ’41 Allan Smith, who had been seriously wounded, was given a welcome social by the Cheer up Society, at the local Institute Hall. Jack, who has been on duty at Darwin, was also welcomed.
With Jack and Doris living in Adelaide, news of Howard’s service with the 2/48th Battalion in the Middle East was shared through the Eyre’s Peninsula Tribune at the end of November ’42. ‘Mr and Mrs Jack F Crabb, of Power St Adelaide, formerly of West Coast and Whyalla, have been advised that their son, Sig. H R. Crabb. has been wounded in action in Egypt, Sig Crab served in Tobruk, Syria, and Egypt. His father, Dvr. J. F. Crabb, served in the last war, also in Malaya, and Singapore" in this war.’
Of this close-knit family, Roy was killed in an horrific accident at Tobruk. All other brothers and Jack’s sons survived WWII. Jack had lost a brother in each of the Wars, ironically with both classified as ‘accidents’.
Aged 66, Jack died on the 1st July 1963 in Whyalla. He was initially buried at Centennial Park Cemetery at Passadena. The Port Lincoln Times paid tribute to him in a lengthy Obituary.
‘ A former Yadnarie farmer who served overseas in two World Wars, died at Whyalla on July 1. He was John Fullerton Crabb, late 48 Bat. 1st ATP and 4th MT and AIF, who was the eldest son of the late Mr .and Mrs. Ben Crabb, formerly of Bendelly .(where he was born), Kadina, Cowell and Cleve districts. Known as Jack, he started his school days at Cleve and later went to Boar's Plain, Kadina. He enlisted in the First World War with his younger brother Howard, who was killed on November 13, 1918. Both were in the 48th Bat. Jack had his 19th birthday on the boat going overseas. He saw fighting in France and after the war volunteered for Wax Graves work in France. He returned home late in 1919. In 1920 Mr. Crabb married Mary Ann (Dorry) Hanton, of Kadina. They went farming in the Hd. Yadnarie for some years and later went to live in Adelaide. Their two sons, Digger and Bob, were both soldiers in the 2nd AIF. Digger went overseas with the 2nd 48 Bat. In 1941, Jack Crabb again enlisted and served in Malaya, but was returned home owing to ill health just before Malaya fell in 1943. Four of Jack's brother's were on active service in the 2nd AIF, Roy being killed at Tobruk in 1941. Jack had a very friendly nature and was loved by his many relatives and friends. He was 66 years of age. His wife Dorry and two sons survive him.’
Jack and his family continued to remember Howard, placing annual tributes to him for many years. These include:
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Friday 20 December 1918, DIED ON ACTIVE SERVICE. CRABB— Died at Sutton Veney Military Hospital, as the result of an accident, on November 13th, 1918, Pte Howard A. F. Crabb, second son of Mr and Mrs B, R. Crabb, of Rudall.
Kadina and Wallaroo Times Saturday 29 November 1919, IN MEMORIAM. CRABB.-In loving memory of our dear friend Pvte. Howard Crabb, accidentally killed in France, November 30, 1918. A man not of words, but of actions, He was one of God's bravest and best; He died an Australian hero, Fighting for freedom and rest. T. and E. Haynes and family, Wallaroo Mines.
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Friday 28 November 1919, IN MEMORIAM. CRABB —In loving memory of our dear son and brother, Pte Howard A. F. Crabb, who was accidently killed November 30th, 1918. Forget him ! No, we loved him too dearly. The lips need not speak For our hearts mourn sincerely; Tears often fall which seldom are seen. Love in our hearts for him to-day Is as fresh as in the hour he went away. —Inserted by his loving father, mother sisters and brothers.
Advertiser Saturday 29 November 1919, CRABB.—In loving memory of our dear son and brother, Private Howard A. F. Crabb, who was accidentally killed November 30, 1918.
When we see our boys returning
Our hearts are filled with pain,
To think you are not there, dear Howard,
And will never come home again.
—Inserted by his loving father, mother, sisters, and brothers.

They also remembered their young son and brother, Roy, Killed in WWII.
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Thursday 23 July 1942, CRABB.— In loving memory of our dear son and brother, No 154 Driver Roy M. Crabb, who was killed at Tobruk on July 23rd 1941. His deed nobly done. A beautiful nature, true and kind, A helping hand to all our needs. A beautiful life came to an end, He died as he lived, everyone's friend, Loved by all. Not just today, but every day, In silence we remember. —Inserted by his loving father and mother, Sister Rhonda and brothers. CRABB. — In fond memory of Pte Roy Crabb. who was accidentally killed at Tobruk on 23rd July, 1941. Deep in our hearts a memory is kept, Of one we loved and will never forget. —Inserted by Mr and Mrs W. F. Wake, Rudall.
Eyre's Peninsula TribuneThursday 22 July 1943, CRABB. — In loving memory of our dear son and brother, Roy, killed on active service July 23, 1941, at Tobruk. His happy face and cheery ways, will linger with us all our days. Loved by all, —Ever remembered by his loving parents, sister Rhonda, brother Doug A.I.F., Bill. CRABB In memory of Dvr. R. M. Crabb, who was accidentally killed at Tobruk on July 23, 1941, Not just today, but every day we remember you. — Inserted by his friends, "The Wakes," Rudall. CRABB. — In loving memory of Roy, who was billed at Tobruk, July 23, 1941, 10th Battalion. A silent thought brings many a tear, Of one we miss and loved so dear. — Inserted by his loving sister, brother-in-law and nephew, Selina, Jack and Howard Forgie, Kilroo.
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Thursday 19 July 1945, CRABB— In loving memory of SX154 Driver Roy Crabb 2/10th Battalion A.l.F killed at Tobruk, July 23rd 1941. His smile and cheery voice, Are wondrous to recall He had a smile for everyone And died loved by all. —Ever remembered by his loving sister and brother in-law Selina and Jack Fergie, and nephew Howard.
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Thursday 22 July 1948,.CRABB, Pte B.X. 154, 2/10 Btn.— In loving memory of our dear son and . brother, Roy, killed July 23rd, 1941, at Tobruk. --So dearly loved, so sadly missed by his loving mum, dad, sisters and brothers. OB ABB — In loving memory of Roy — Driver K. M. Crabb, S.X 154, 2/10 Battalion, 2nd A.I.F., killed at Tobruk, July 23rd, 1941. This is a sad day of remembrance, A day we shall never forget, Of one we will always remember, When the rest of the world forgets. —Ever remembered by Selina, Jack and' Howard Forgie, Murlong.
Jack’s father, Benjamin lived to his 90th year and died in April ’50. He was buried in the Cheltenham Cemetery where Annie later was also buried in 1961. A headstone is also placed in memory of their mourned sons, Howard, whose death caused so much heartache and also their younger son, Private Roy Maxwell, a Rat of Tobruk, who served with the 2/10th in WWII and was accidentally killed on July 23rd 1941. A further son, 60-year-old William also rests now with his parents.
Researched and written by Kaye Lee, daughter of Bryan Holmes SX8133, 2/48th Battalion.

Farmer Benjamin Richard, and Annie Millicent Fullarton Crabb had a large family of eleven children, eight sons and three daughters. Benjamin spent his early days at Bendleby, north of Orroroo. He also had worked as a drover and in the Wallaroo mines. At one stage, in the company of six others, he set out to make his fortune finding gold at Coolgardie. However, with the death of three of these friends from lack of water and poor food, Benjamin returned home and without any gold. He was also renown as an outstanding colt breaker and rough rider, as well as being knowledgeable in veterinary care. Following his marriage to Annie, he purchased land in the Rudall area, farming there until 1942.
Annie was the only daughter in the Fullarton family of Clare. Her father was a life-long employee from the early days as a compositor at the 'Northern Argus' newspaper office. Her grandfather, John E. Maynard, was the first pioneer to come to Clare and live on the Inchiquin Flats in 1842.
John Fullarton, known throughout his life as Jack, was the first child and oldest son of Benjamin and Annie. He was born on the 27th September 1896 at Bendlebury. His siblings included Howard Aubury Fullarton Philip Stapleton Fullarton, Selina Lavina, Arthur Frederick, Benjamin Richard, William Ernest, Roy Maxwell, Lucy May, Douglas Mervyn Keith, Rhonda Joyce and Mary Anne Fullerton.
As a child, John attended Cleve and the Boore Plains School at Kadina before returning to work as a farm labourer.
Three of these young brothers enlisted to serve during the War to End All Wars, WWI. 19-year-old Jack and 18-year-old Howard enlisted at a Cowell at a similar time on July 21st 1916 and were allocated consecutive numbers. Their younger brother, Phillip enlisted days after his 19th birthday in September 1918 and was allocated to B Company. However, with the cessation of hostilities, he was discharged just prior to Christmas that year and did not serve overseas.
Jack and Howard’s early training was at Mitcham before the brothers returned home for a well-attended farewell social held in the Miltalie School in August 1916. Numerous speeches were made, followed by songs, games and recitations. The two brothers then embarked at Adelaide on the 28th August, aboard the HMAS Anchises eventually arriving at Plymouth on October 11th 1916, before attending a training camp at Codford. Both brothers were allocated to the 48th Battalion, Jack as 2400 and Howard as 2401. They were officially shipped to France, arriving on the 16th September 1917. Soon after arriving at Etaples, Jack was transferred to the Base Depot Anzac Field Bakery.
Not strictly adhering to the hierarchical demands of the army, Jack was heavily penalised early in March 1917 for ‘failing to salute an officer when passing him in the street at Rouen’. The hefty fine of seven day’s pay seemed particularly harsh. Three weeks later a further five day’s pay was docked at Etaples when Jack wrote ‘on sentry box contrary to orders placed therein.’
Conditions in the trenches and the fighting fields were often chaotic. This meant that relatives back home were often left with little or scant information about their sons if they were missing or killed. A fellow soldier, James Edward Myers 2459, also from Cowell, had been missing and several soldiers, including Jack, gave their account of James’s fate.
‘April 11 ’17. I saw him killed by a machine gun shell and drop dead instantly, through his chest at Bullecourt, I think he would be buried. One of the best and one of the bravest. A big chap and came from S. Australia.’ Informant J. Crabb 2400, 48th Battalion Anzac Buffet 14.2.18’ This report verbatim, was passed on to James’ parents at Cowell, with the addendum that it was ‘unofficial’.
Jack heard that Howard had sustained a gunshot wound to his right shoulder on the 12th October, and was taken to Boulogne Hospitalised and then sent back to England, followed by two weeks of furlough in the lead-up to Christmas that year. A further shoulder complication meant another operation for Howard, then recovery time being spent at Sutton Veny.
In writing home from France in October 1917, Jack’s letter was shared through the local newspaper, the Eyre’s Peninsula Tribune in January the following year. As did many young men, he tried to make light of the conditions in which they were fighting.
“I will now take the pleasure of answering your welcome letters. Glad to hear you are all well and going strong. Well, we both came out of the last stunt O.K. I am beginning to get an old soldier, been in and out of the line quite a lot of times, and now quite sick and tired of it and not as brave as I was at first. Howard took it all right the first time, but he wishes he had taken notice of my Jotters and stopped longer in Blighty, as he volunteered by come over when he came. Well, it is jolly cold here now, nearly cold enough for snow, and also raining a treat, so you can guess there is plenty of mud, as it only takes a few points here to make mud everywhere. I saw Moore Wilson and Don and Cecil Searle, they were looking well ; also cousin Cyril Solly, When you write let me know cousin Ern. Jackson's address, so that I may be able to see him. I must now close with heaps of love to all. I have not received any birthday parcel, but just received a letter, so I may get it tomorrow."
A week later he wrote a second letter, again down-playing the conditions and of Howard’s injury.
“Just a few lines to let you know l am still well and had the luck to come through another big stunt upright, but old Howard got a bit of a smack as I suppose you will have heard before this. I did not see him get it myself, but those who did reckon that he went out of the line laughing. He reckoned before he went in that he was going to get a smack. But he is a lucky fellow, just coming over and getting away again. He may have the luck to miss the winter again. I hope so anyhow. Well, that was lovely parcel you sent me for my 21st birthday. I got it the day we came out of the line. I think it was the best parcel I have ever seen here, it was not even bent or anything, and the cake was a beauty, and as we were hungry just coming out, three or four of my mates and myself had a large slice each, and you can guess we were all slight bilious. It was good of. dad wiring the parcel down; it was a good job done. We have had a lot of rain and cold weather here again, and we have all got colds. I am too cold to write any more. Don't worry about Howard as he will be all right."
Later that month (October 23rd) Howard also wrote from Weir Hospital, Grove Road, Halham London, S.W. It gives small indications of his own war.
“Just a few hoping, it finds you all in the best of health. I am still in the hospital and am doing well. I am afraid I am getting well too quickly, as I shall have to get back to France, among the woosebangs and the mud. Well, there is no news to write about, as I haven't been out anywhere, but I will be out in a day or so. I have not made up my mind where I will go on my furlough. I think it will be Ireland, among the Pats. It would be nice to go home, but not the old Aussies' luck. This fine home could not be beaten anywhere in England. Well, I must close this short note, wishing you the best of luck."
Jack had leave back in England in February 1918 and was briefly hospitalised for enteritis, which continued to return. Jack also undertook a course at Signals School in April ’18 before contracting enteritis which was treated at a New Zealand Hospital.
Back home, in June the Rudall Red Cross Circle, of which their mother was part, were busy packing parcels to send to Howard and Jack, plus two other locals, Sapper Will Ross, and Trooper Olarrie Rogers.
Jack was caught being absent without leave in June ‘18 for about 19 hours and again parted with four day’s pay. Just months later, in August he returned to France where he had time at Codford. He again was charged with ‘conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline creating a disturbance in a public place.’ This coincided with a similar, but more severe charge made against Howard, who was additionally charged with striking an M.P in the execution of his duty. Seven days of Field Punishment was metered out to Jack but Howard was given a huge 21 days. Field Punishment was particularly harsh and could involve the soldier being restrained to a fixed object, including a gun wheel or fence post for several hours. In other instances, the soldier could have their legs tied together and arms stretched outright, earning the nickname of being ‘crucified’. Both seem more than barbaric.
Jack was further inconvenienced with self inflicted disease for almost two months in a specialist hospital, finally returning to his unit in October ‘18.
Signaller Jack’s next letter was written from "Somewhere in France," on November 17th 1918. It reads as if he was unaware of the horrific death Howard suffered when hit by a train, just days after the Armistice was signed.
" Just a few lines to let you know I am still going strong, hoping this finds you all in the best of health. I suppose you have heard the great news about the war long before this. It seemed so funny to us up near the line. One minute there were guns firing and shells dropping about everywhere, and the next everything was quiet, and we had big fires about everywhere. I bet it was a great day in ' Aussie' the day that the armistice was signed. I believe all the firms in England stopped, especially the ammunition works. I would have liked to have been in England on that day, but I was well in France instead, so it's no use growling. One has to be thankful to be able to say that he saw the war out. At one time a fellow wouldn't have given threepence for his chance. I say, just get a big fat turkey or a little pig ready for Easter as we ought to be home by then. We will be in Germany for this Xmas as we are following the Huns up as they evacuate, and our lot will be the first Australians to take up positions in that country. I hear that Phil has gone into camp. I hope he gets a trip to Blighty as it will do him good. I am glad that he will not have to do any fighting. I had my share of it and have not got a mark to show for it, only a bit short of wind through the gas. We are having it terribly cold here now, plenty of frost, but we haven't had any snow this year so far, although it feels very much like it now. I trust you had a good crop this year and I hope to be home to help with the next harvest. It is very cold sitting writing, so I must close and get around the and fire with the boys. Will Barrett ' Billy' Gillings wish to be remembered to you all. They are like myself, in good health."
He wrote again on Nov. 27. " Just a few lines to let you know I am in still in good health and going strong. We are supposed to be on our way to Germany, somewhere near the Rhine. We have been on the roads marching for six days now, but we have stopped for a few day's spell. We are billeted in a German Hospital. About three weeks ago it was full of Huns and now it is full of Australians. I can tell you it is very tiring work marching every day, with our pack, rifle, etc., to carry with us, My old shoulders are the only thing that troubles me at all, and I don't take any notice of them. Phil won't be in time to have a go at Fritz, I am glad to say, as there is no fighting going on now. It seems so funny not being able to hear the roar of the guns or the flash and flares, etc. I suppose dad is busy with the harvest. I hope I will be able to help next year. I have a big idea that we will be home somewhere about Easter, so get something nice for the troops, don't forget. They have been taking the names of all the married men, they will be sending them home first. It is rumoured they will be going next month. Well, I feel too tired to write much now after marching all day. With heaps of love. JACK.
Jack was unfortunate to contract bronchitis and be hospitalised in January ’19, but briefly rejoined his unit until the end of March ’19 when he was placed on a graves detachment in April ’19. The following month, nine days of his pay was again forfeited this time for ‘disobeying a lawful command by his superior Officer.’
He was finally able to return to Australia on the Euripides on the 6th September 1919. The war had taken a toll on his health with Jack spending four days in the ship’s hospital. He arrived in Adelaide on the 19th October and two months later was finally discharged. Jack received his medals, the 1914/15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal in December 1919. Howard’s were also posthumously posted to the family.
Jack married Mary-Ann (Doris) Hanton on the 3rd November 1920 at the Kadina Methodist Church in Victoria Square. Jack’s young sister was one of Doris’ bridesmaids and Jack chose his brother, Phillip as his Best Man. Jack’s groomsman was a fellow soldier from the 48th Battalion. Their reception was held at Doris’ family home that was also decorated in the colours of the 48th Battalion. Jack’s 80-year-old paternal grandmother from Gawler also attended and was noted as dancing ‘quite merrily with the young folk.’ The newlyweds made their future home at Cherrywood Farm, Cleve. They had two sons with their first, born in April ’22 named Howard Ronald, in honour of Jack’s brother who died at the end of WWI. Their second son, Robert John Benjamin was born in September1927.
The extended Crabb family was deeply involved in their local community and supportive of all local activities. These included fund-raising for the local Rudall School, including the annual athletics sports day, held on the football oval. In ’23 funds were being raised through stalls, dinners, dances and athletic events towards building an Institute. With stone not readily available locally for building, local constructions were traditionally of wood and iron. This earned the town the nickname of ‘Tin Town’. Many of the Crabb family featured in the events with Jack winning the Digger’s race and his wife Mary-Ann being first in the quaintly named ‘Ladies Bend Race’. The brothers were also involved; Phillip as Secretary on the Sports Committee and in the evening, Roy and two friends, Reg Wake and David Smallacombe, presenting a trio item. Young William also gave a recitation and Rhonda a recitation.
The family were also regulars at daces held in nearby towns, including the R.A.O.B. Ball at Cleve in July ’33.
By May the following year, 21-year-old Roy decided to leave Rudall to live with Jack and Doris at Waterloo near Auburn. A huge farewell party was organised, featuring dancing, games, table tennis and cards. Their father, Benjamin acted as MC and with many locals making valedictory speeches praising Roy and passing on their best wishes and a collection of money on behalf of those present.
War intervened. Jack again felt it was his duty to enlist to serve. Whilst early campaigns were aimed at fit healthy country men, 43-year-old Jack enlisted in Whyalla on the 29th September 1939 as S212302, serving with the 4th Garrison Battalion. His five younger brothers followed suit with 25-year-old Roy Maxwell enlisting on the 20th October ’39 as SX154 in the 2/10th Battalion. Claiming to be 34 years old (when in reality he was 41 years old) Philip Stapleton enlisted as SX2573 on the 27th April ’40 in the 2/9th Battalion and 35 year old Benjamin Richard as SX10504 in Signals on the 2nd December ’40 in Signals, 24 year old Douglas Mervyn enlisted on the 21st March ’41 as SX11876 in the 2/6th Field Ambulance and 39 year old Arthur Frederick in May ’42 as S70921 in A Company 5th Battalion..
Jack’s sons, Howard, ‘Digger’ also enlisted in July ‘40 as SX8810 serving with the 2/48th Battalion. To enable him to enlist, Howard advanced his age from 18 to 21 years old. (In contrast to his uncle Philip, who deducted several years.) Jack’s second son, 19-year-old Robert also enlisted in April ’47 as SX500675.
With the first soldiers returning from the Middle East, the Cowell Community were quick to welcome them home. At the end of November ’41 Allan Smith, who had been seriously wounded, was given a welcome social by the Cheer up Society, at the local Institute Hall. Jack, who has been on duty at Darwin, was also welcomed.
With Jack and Doris living in Adelaide, news of Howard’s service with the 2/48th Battalion in the Middle East was shared through the Eyre’s Peninsula Tribune at the end of November ’42. ‘Mr and Mrs Jack F Crabb, of Power St Adelaide, formerly of West Coast and Whyalla, have been advised that their son, Sig. H R. Crabb. has been wounded in action in Egypt, Sig Crab served in Tobruk, Syria, and Egypt. His father, Dvr. J. F. Crabb, served in the last war, also in Malaya, and Singapore" in this war.’
Of this close-knit family, Roy was killed in an horrific accident at Tobruk. All other brothers and Jack’s sons survived WWII. Jack had lost a brother in each of the Wars, ironically with both classified as ‘accidents’.
Aged 66, Jack died on the 1st July 1963 in Whyalla. He was initially buried at Centennial Park Cemetery at Passadena. The Port Lincoln Times paid tribute to him in a lengthy Obituary.
‘ A former Yadnarie farmer who served overseas in two World Wars, died at Whyalla on July 1. He was John Fullerton Crabb, late 48 Bat. 1st ATP and 4th MT and AIF, who was the eldest son of the late Mr .and Mrs. Ben Crabb, formerly of Bendelly .(where he was born), Kadina, Cowell and Cleve districts. Known as Jack, he started his school days at Cleve and later went to Boar's Plain, Kadina. He enlisted in the First World War with his younger brother Howard, who was killed on November 13, 1918. Both were in the 48th Bat. Jack had his 19th birthday on the boat going overseas. He saw fighting in France and after the war volunteered for Wax Graves work in France. He returned home late in 1919. In 1920 Mr. Crabb married Mary Ann (Dorry) Hanton, of Kadina. They went farming in the Hd. Yadnarie for some years and later went to live in Adelaide. Their two sons, Digger and Bob, were both soldiers in the 2nd AIF. Digger went overseas with the 2nd 48 Bat. In 1941, Jack Crabb again enlisted and served in Malaya, but was returned home owing to ill health just before Malaya fell in 1943. Four of Jack's brother's were on active service in the 2nd AIF, Roy being killed at Tobruk in 1941. Jack had a very friendly nature and was loved by his many relatives and friends. He was 66 years of age. His wife Dorry and two sons survive him.’
Jack and his family continued to remember Howard, placing annual tributes to him for many years. These include:
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Friday 20 December 1918, DIED ON ACTIVE SERVICE. CRABB— Died at Sutton Veney Military Hospital, as the result of an accident, on November 13th, 1918, Pte Howard A. F. Crabb, second son of Mr and Mrs B, R. Crabb, of Rudall.
Kadina and Wallaroo Times Saturday 29 November 1919, IN MEMORIAM. CRABB.-In loving memory of our dear friend Pvte. Howard Crabb, accidentally killed in France, November 30, 1918. A man not of words, but of actions, He was one of God's bravest and best; He died an Australian hero, Fighting for freedom and rest. T. and E. Haynes and family, Wallaroo Mines.
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Friday 28 November 1919, IN MEMORIAM. CRABB —In loving memory of our dear son and brother, Pte Howard A. F. Crabb, who was accidently killed November 30th, 1918. Forget him ! No, we loved him too dearly. The lips need not speak For our hearts mourn sincerely; Tears often fall which seldom are seen. Love in our hearts for him to-day Is as fresh as in the hour he went away. —Inserted by his loving father, mother sisters and brothers.
Advertiser Saturday 29 November 1919, CRABB.—In loving memory of our dear son and brother, Private Howard A. F. Crabb, who was accidentally killed November 30, 1918.
When we see our boys returning
Our hearts are filled with pain,
To think you are not there, dear Howard,
And will never come home again.
—Inserted by his loving father, mother, sisters, and brothers.

They also remembered their young son and brother, Roy, Killed in WWII.
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Thursday 23 July 1942, CRABB.— In loving memory of our dear son and brother, No 154 Driver Roy M. Crabb, who was killed at Tobruk on July 23rd 1941. His deed nobly done. A beautiful nature, true and kind, A helping hand to all our needs. A beautiful life came to an end, He died as he lived, everyone's friend, Loved by all. Not just today, but every day, In silence we remember. —Inserted by his loving father and mother, Sister Rhonda and brothers. CRABB. — In fond memory of Pte Roy Crabb. who was accidentally killed at Tobruk on 23rd July, 1941. Deep in our hearts a memory is kept, Of one we loved and will never forget. —Inserted by Mr and Mrs W. F. Wake, Rudall.
Eyre's Peninsula TribuneThursday 22 July 1943, CRABB. — In loving memory of our dear son and brother, Roy, killed on active service July 23, 1941, at Tobruk. His happy face and cheery ways, will linger with us all our days. Loved by all, —Ever remembered by his loving parents, sister Rhonda, brother Doug A.I.F., Bill. CRABB In memory of Dvr. R. M. Crabb, who was accidentally killed at Tobruk on July 23, 1941, Not just today, but every day we remember you. — Inserted by his friends, "The Wakes," Rudall. CRABB. — In loving memory of Roy, who was billed at Tobruk, July 23, 1941, 10th Battalion. A silent thought brings many a tear, Of one we miss and loved so dear. — Inserted by his loving sister, brother-in-law and nephew, Selina, Jack and Howard Forgie, Kilroo.
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Thursday 19 July 1945, CRABB— In loving memory of SX154 Driver Roy Crabb 2/10th Battalion A.l.F killed at Tobruk, July 23rd 1941. His smile and cheery voice, Are wondrous to recall He had a smile for everyone And died loved by all. —Ever remembered by his loving sister and brother in-law Selina and Jack Fergie, and nephew Howard.
Eyre's Peninsula Tribune Thursday 22 July 1948,.CRABB, Pte B.X. 154, 2/10 Btn.— In loving memory of our dear son and . brother, Roy, killed July 23rd, 1941, at Tobruk. --So dearly loved, so sadly missed by his loving mum, dad, sisters and brothers. OB ABB — In loving memory of Roy — Driver K. M. Crabb, S.X 154, 2/10 Battalion, 2nd A.I.F., killed at Tobruk, July 23rd, 1941. This is a sad day of remembrance, A day we shall never forget, Of one we will always remember, When the rest of the world forgets. —Ever remembered by Selina, Jack and' Howard Forgie, Murlong.
Jack’s father, Benjamin lived to his 90th year and died in April ’50. He was buried in the Cheltenham Cemetery where Annie later was also buried in 1961. A headstone is also placed in memory of their mourned sons, Howard, whose death caused so much heartache and also their younger son, Private Roy Maxwell, a Rat of Tobruk, who served with the 2/10th in WWII and was accidentally killed on July 23rd 1941. A further son, 60-year-old William also rests now with his parents.
Researched and written by Kaye Lee, daughter of Bryan Holmes SX8133, 2/48th Battalion.