Virtual
War Memorial
Australia

On 22 October 1939 James William Buckley (Jim) Serial Number QX 1084 enlisted in the 6th Division, 2nd AIF. After initial training Jim embarked with part of the 6th Division on 4 May 1940 on board the Queen Mary (designated HMTX1 in the convoy).  This second convoy from Australia travelled to Great Britain, disembarking at Gourock, Renfrewshire, Scotland on the 17 June 1940. 

Jim transferred to 2nd /3rd Field Regiment from 2nd Anti-Tank Battery on the 8th August 1940. The Regiment consisted of the 5th and 6th Batteries.  Jim was in the 5th Battery. The 2nd /3rd Field Regiment took possession of the 25 pound howitzers in England and continued their training at Tidworth, Hampshire, Southern England.

The 2nd /3rd Field Regiment embarked on 15 November 1940 in the Convoy WS (Winston Special) to the Middle East via South Africa. The convoy arrived on 31 December 1940.

After fighting in North Africa, including the capture of Toobruk, the 2/3 Field Regiment embarked for service in Greece on 31 March 1941. The 2nd/3rd Field Regiment was the first Australian unit to engage with the German Army.

Jim ended up fighting in five rear guard actions, the Regiment taking on the German Army to delay their progress while the Allied forces moved to the ports to be evacuated. 

In “The Proud 6th”  Mark Johnston wrote on p 74:

"6th Division troops fought another significant battle that day to facilitate the Allied withdrawal.  At Elasson, the 2/3rd Field Regiment's 25-pounders and New Zealand and British artillery were ordered to hold off German tanks and infantry through the 18th (referring to month of April).  Captain Laybourne Smith recalled:

     ... I do not think we were expected to get out and we ourselves almost gave up hope when we saw the massed tanks come down the pass...

For twelve hours we fired continuously and ... let off 7000 shells that day.... the men played their part like something possessed and our fire did not slacken... our Regt held up the whole German army.”

The 2nd /3rd Field Regiment had to leave their guns in Greece. Jim said they removed the sighting mechanisms and threw them into the sea, effectively rendering the guns useless and incapable of being used by the Germans.  They disembarked in Crete on the 19 May 2041 the 5th Battery was positioned at Georgeopolis [Georgioupolis] which was on the coast between Suda Bay and Retimo. The 6th Battery was assigned to the township of Rethymnon (Retimo) and the batteries took on captured Italian Guns.

As the battles across Crete went against the Allied forces, orders were twice attempted to get to Rethymnon to advise the forces to retreat for evacuation at a port, the orders did not arrive due to the German forces around the town.

Evacuations from Crete ended on 1 June 1941. The 5th Battery was evacuated to Egypt and the Regiment took on replacements to reform with three batteries, the 5th, 6th and 53rd battery. On 8 October 1941, Jim was evacuated to 7AGH Palestine for an appendicitis operation. On 12 November 1941 Jim was taken on strength with the 53rd Battery.    

On the 15 February 1942, Jim boarded the “Anna Odland” at the port of Suez with the Australian Forces on their way back to Australia. The ship arrived in Adelaide on the 27th March 1942.

Jim said he had been offered a non-commissioned rank to become part of a training team in NSW for new recruits on the 25 pounder guns.  He decided against the role and on 17th July 1942 he marched into Independent (Commando) Company.  On the 21st September 1942 Jim was posted to 8th Independent Company and marched out to Qld L of C area.  On the 27th September 1942 he was transferred to 2nd /3rd Australian Independent Company arriving on the 28th September 1942.  Training included practicing marine landings near Bribie Island.

On 19 January 1943 the company embarked in Townsville on the ‘Taroona’ an Australian ship that had been used for supplying ports in Tasmania. The company arrived at Port Moresby on the 21st January 1943.

In “Nothing is Forever”, the author Colonel. Ron Garland recounts that they were greeted at the port as though they were “Chocolate Soldiers”. They smiled, sworn to secrecy as to their unit, role and capabilities.

Originally to be placed with an American Army unit, orders changed when the Japanese made a move to capture Wau with the intent to take the runway and then be able to direct aircraft against Port Moresby.  The Japanese Army had advanced along the Black Cat Mine trail from the coast at Salamaua.

There were several aircraft taking the company into Wau. Jim recalled leaving the plane and proceeding directly to the airport perimeter to start fighting.

After the Australian forces including three infantry battalions (2/5th, 2/6th and 2/7th)  and Kanga Force with 2/5th Independent Company and the 2/3rd Independent Company had successfully held off the Japanese causing them to retreat towards Mubo, the 2/3rd Independent Company was ordered to pursue them back along the trail.

These days Trekking companies in PNG rate the trail’s difficulty as 8/10, compared to the Kokoda Trail as 6/10.

The Company played a significant role in New Guinea.  In the Official Histories, Gavin Long said that due to the way they operated the Japanese always thought they were facing superior numbers and as a result sent larger forces to match them.  Long also made mention that orders sent from Australia presumed that the company was at their full fighting strength however due to losses for killed, wounded and illness the company was never at a number close to their original strength.

In Jim’s own words in a letter sent to the Telegraph (a newspaper located in Brisbane) for a series – “I was there”

He recalled the following.

“I haven't a good memory for times or dates, but in checking back on old records I find these events which I describe below occurred at the end of April and early May in 1943.

          In Mid-April a section of the 2/3 Independent Coy of which I was a member ambushed an escort of a supply line at 9 o’clock at night killing 20 Jap marines and in all 35 enemy were left dead on the track in the Salamaua area.

          This was one of the preliminaries to an eventual attack on Bobdubi Ridge at the end of April by another section of the 2/3 Ind Coy.  It was a surprise attack made with no loss of life to the Company but killing considerable number of Japanese both on Bobdubi Ridge and along the main track.  The company then used the base for “12 glorious days of fun”.

          With our small hard-hitting patrols striking regularly along a front of 15,000 yds the 2/3 kept the Jap in constant state of alarm.  It was found in Japanese Intelligence reports later that they estimated that they were being attacked at Brigade strength and he reinforced his own patrols accordingly.  Not only that but his native carriers “went bush” causing him to use his front line troops as carriers to supply ammunition and stores to his Mubo garrison which was being hard pressed by the 17th Brigade 2/5, 2/6 and 2/7 Battalions of the Sixth Division.

          We held the Bobdubi Ridge for a fortnight in May until the Japs in desperation attacked us, about 50 or 60 troops, which was the effective strength of our Company at the time.  The attack was made by 600 Jap troops under a Major General who was killed in the attack.  After vicious all day battle we withdrew to Mission Village which was one of our forward bases after burying our dead of which there were four to the Japs seventy.

          The Jap was obviously reluctant to pursue the company but next morning sent over a force of 40 or 50 dive bombers to bomb what he suspected was our hide-out.  He repeated this again in the afternoon with the same negative results and thus ended this part of the programme.”

AWM https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/U56148  records state: The 2/3rd received high praises for its part in the Wau-Salamaua campaign, but it cost them heavily. Credited with having killed 969 Japanese, the 2/3rd suffered 65 battle fatalities and 119 wounded. Another 226 men were also evacuated for medical reasons. Only the meagre flow of reinforcements allowed the unit to continue. Indeed, by the time campaign was over, there were only 34 men were left from the original group that had flown into Wau. 

Jim was one of those 34. After Salamaua the Company boarded S. Hall Young an American Liberty Ship on the 4th October 1943 at Milne Bay to disembark at Cairns on 7th October 1943. From Cairns on the 8th October 1943 entrained for Atherton and arrived at the camp site at Wongabel, south of Atherton [Proud to be Third pg 12]. After receiving re-issue of clothing and equipment the unit departed for 24 days leave. [Proud to be Third pg 12].

During this leave period Jim was diagnosed with Malaria BT. He was in hospital and convalescence homes recovering from the illness.

On 22 August 1944 Jim was transferred to a new unit 3 A.A.O.D. Australian  Advanced Ordnance Depot – Wallangarra – transferring goods from trains on the NSW gauge to trains on the Qld gauge at the border between the states. 

Jim was discharged from the Army on 9th August 1945.

On the 2nd September 1945 the Japanese signed the official instrument of Surrender.  

Bibliography
AWM, Official Histories, Australia in the War 1939 – 1945 Series 1 - Army
AWM, https://www.awm.gov.au/ .
Nothing is Forever, Colonel Ron Garland MC and Bar
Proud To Be Third, Darren Robins
The Proud 6th, Mark Johnston