Virtual
War Memorial
Australia

John Charles James COLLEY was born to Henry (1820-1877) and Rachel Mary Ann COLLEY (nee WILLIAMS) (1820-26.02.1913) at Port Augusta South.

John Charles James COLLEY joined the AIF on 18.10.1916 at at the age of 38 and was given service number 32515. He was attached to the 23rd Field Artillery Brigade. On enlisting, he gave his occupation as a camel driver and his next of kin, his sister Mrs. Jane MILLARD of Carrieton, SA.
After undergoing training in Maribyrnong (Victoria), he embarked with the battalion aboard the ‘Osterley’ to travel to England on 14.02.1917. Her has been designated as a ‘driver’.
En route to England, he contracted measles then was later admitted to hospital from the Australian training base at Salisbury Plain in England with severe pneumonia.
He was returned to Australia on 20.10.1917 obviously due to poor health and was granted a discharge as medically unfit from 12.12.1917. He was granted a military pension of 3 pound, 2 shillings per fortnight from 13.12.1917.
It does not appear that he served on the Western Front due to severe illness.
He was awarded the British War Medal. His file is marked that he was not eligible for the Victory Medal.

HOWITZER BRIGADES
Howitzer Brigades were added to the establishment of Divisional Artillery for the Western Front. Field guns like the 18-pounder just did not have the destructive power needed to defeat well prepared defensive positions such as German blockhouses and concrete dugouts. Something bigger was needed. A Howitzer Battery was originally raised for each Field Artillery Brigade but in respect of artillery, concentration is the name of the game and it was realised more were required so the Howitzer Brigades comprising 12 x 4.5 inch howitzers were raised; 21 through 25, the second digit indicating the Division to which it was assigned.
A howitzer is a relatively short barrelled gun that fires a comparatively heavy shell at moderate velocity on a high trajectory causing the shells to fall steeply or 'lob' into the enemy positions. When the shell is fitted with a delay fuse, the projectile will detonate sub-surface which is the desired effect to destroy trenches dugouts and the like.
At the outbreak of the War, Australian Artillery was in short supply in both quantitative and qualitative terms. The standard 'fire unit' of artillery is a Battery comprising variously four to six guns described as light medium or heavy depending on the equipment, calibre and weight of shell. The standard field gun was the British 18-pounder (so-called because of the weight of the high explosive shell).
When the AIF embarked, its artillery was light-on indeed. As it turned out the scope to use it at Gallipoli was extremely constrained anyway so it mattered less than had the AIF gone straight to Europe, where artillery was the definitive feature of the battlefield.
The standard organisation of Field Artillery took on the form of the Field Artillery Brigade which were formed to support infantry divisions. In 1914 and 1915 the First and Second Division each had three brigades (initially corresponding to the Brigade numeric designation) equipped with 12 x 18 pounder field guns. On arrival in France, the artillery was reorganised with each field artillery brigade having 12 x 18 pounders and 4 x 4.5 inch howitzers. There was initially a lack of howitzers available to meet the establishment.
In March ,1916 a fourth battery of four 18 pounder field guns was added. At the same time a Howitzer Brigade was raised for each division with 12 x 4.5 inch howitzers each.
The 23rd was raised in the UK, but was similarly equipped. It became the Howitzer Brigade attached to the 3rd Division Artillery. The Howitzer Brigades were short lived though. Because of supply constraints in respect of the guns, and other considerations, the Howitzer Brigades were broken up and the batteries distributed among the Field Artillery Brigades of each Division in early 1917 as had been originally intended.